Word Classes

Word Class: Noun



Sub-Class:  
Proper - Refer to names or places
Abstract - Refer to states, feelings and concepts that do not have a physical existence
Concrete - Refer to objects that have a physical existence


Examples:
Proper - James, England
Abstract - love, anger
Concrete - Countable (can be pluralised, e.g. cup) Non-countable (do not take a plural form, e.g. furniture)


Word Class: Verb


Sub-Class:
Material - Show actions or events
Relational - Identify properties or show states of being
Mental - Show internal processes such as thinking
Verbal - Show external processes of communicating through speech


Examples:
Material - hit, jump, wash, build
Relational - be, appear, seem, become
Mental - think, believe, wish
Verbal - say, shout, scream, whisper


Word Class: Adjectives and Adverbs


Sub-Class:
Base - The basic form of an adjective or adverb, modifying another word
Comparative - A form used to compare two instances either adding '-er' or using 'more'
Superlative - A form used to compare more than two instances, identifying a best example


Examples:
Base - big, interesting, carefully
Comparative - The parcel was bigger. That was a more interesting game. He read more carefully.
Superlative - That was the biggest parcel. The most interesting game. It was the most carefully he had ever read.


Word Class: Pronouns


Sub-Class:
Personal - Refer to people and are differentiated in terms of person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), number (singular or plural) and gender (male or female)
Demonstrative - Orientate the reader or listener towards a person, object or idea either nearby or further away
Indefinite - Refer to a person, object or idea that is non-specific


Examples:
Personal - I (first person singular), you (second person singular/plural), she (third person singular, feminine), they (third person, plural)
Demonstrative - this, these, that, those
Indefinite - someone, anybody, everything


Word Class: Determiners


Sub-Class:
Articles - Show that something is definite or indefinite
Possessives - Show ownership
Quantifiers - Show either specific or non-specific quantities of a noun


Examples:
Articles - the (definite), a/an (indefinite)
Possessives - my, your, her, our
Quantifiers - one, two (specific),some, any, a few (non-specific)


Word Class: Conjunctions


Sub-Class:
Co-ordinating - Link words or larger structures such as phrases and clauses together where they are equal
Sub-ordinating - Link clauses together to show one is dependent on another


Examples:
Co-ordinating - and, but, or, yet
Sub-ordinating - because, although, while, for


Anaphora - successive clauses beginning with the same word or set of words
Antithesis - contrasts drawn between two opposing concepts or ideas
Euphemism - something unpleasant or vulgar that might be described in less unpleasant terms
Hyperbole - exaggeration for effect  
Litotes - form of understatement by negating the negative rather than making a positive statement
Metaphor - describing something (or someone) in terms of something (or someone) else
Polysyndeton - adding conjunctions to a sentence where it might reasonably have been expected that they would have been missed out
Triadic Structure - list of three